At its height, around 2900 BC, it had a population between 40,000 and 80,000 living in 6 km 2 of walled area. Uruk’s growth made it the largest Mesopotamian settlement, in both population and area. Among the first cities in the region, it played a leading role in urbanization and state formation in Mesopotamia during what is known as the Uruk period. With time, Uruk became the most prominent city of Sumer. Prehistoric people known as Ubaidians are believed to be the first civilizing force in Sumer, draining the marshes for agriculture, developing trade and establishing industries. It was founded around 5400 BC on the coast of the Persian Gulf in Southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian city of Eridu is regarded as the first city in the world. #2 They built the first city in the world These include The First Schools, The First Bicameral Congress, The First Historian, The First Legal Precedent, The First Pharmacopoeia, Man’s First Cosmogony and Cosmology, The First Proverbs and Sayings, The First Animal Fables, The First Literary Debates, The First Love Song, The First Library Catalogue, The First Literary Imagery, The First Sex Symbolism, The First Lullaby, The First Literary Portrait, The First Elegies and The First Aquarium. Renowned expert in Sumerian history Samuel Noah Kramer has listed 39 “ firsts “ in human civilization that originated in Sumer. Located in modern-day southern Iraq, Sumer was the first civilization in Mesopotamia and arguably the earliest civilization in the world. #1 Mesopotamia is responsible for many “firsts” in human history Here are the 10 major achievements of the Mesopotamian civilization. Mesopotamians also laid the foundation for much of western mathematics and astronomy. They built the first cities in the world came up with one of the earliest forms of writing enacted the first comprehensive legal code and are credited with the invention of the wheel and the chariot. The people of Mesopotamia were responsible for many “firsts” in human history. Mesopotamia, as a civilization, is considered to have ended with the fall of Babylon to Cyrus the Great of Persia in 539 BCE. Sumer, which was first permanently settled between 5500 BCE and 4000 BCE, is the earliest known civilization of Mesopotamia. The region includes most of modern day Iraq Kuwait and parts of northern Saudi Arabia, western Iran, eastern Syria and south-eastern Turkey. It broadly refers to the lands between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. The term Mesopotamia comes from ancient Greek root words “meso”, meaning “middle” and “potamos” meaning “river”.
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